Yintoni uLoRaWAN?

I-LoRaWAN yiNxibelelwano yeNdawo ePhantsi yaMandla aPhantsi (LPWAN) eyenzelwe izixhobo ezingenazingcingo, ezisebenza ngebhetri. I-LoRa sele isetyenziswe kwizigidi zeenzwa, ngokutsho kweLoRa-Alliance. Amanye amacandelo aphambili asebenza njengesiseko senkcazo lunxibelelwano lwe-bi-directional, ukuhanjiswa kunye neenkonzo zendawo.

Enye indawo apho i-LoRaWAN ihluke kwezinye i-specs zenethiwekhi kukuba isebenzisa i-architecture yeenkwenkwezi, kunye ne-node ephakathi apho zonke ezinye ii-node zixhunyiwe kunye namasango asebenza njengebhulorho ecacileyo ehambisa imiyalezo phakathi kwezixhobo zokugqibela kunye nomncedisi womnatha ophakathi kwi-backend. Amasango aqhagamshelwe kumncedisi wothungelwano ngoqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo lwe-IP ngelixa izixhobo zokugqibela zisebenzisa i-single-hop unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo ukuya kwelinye okanye kwiisango ezininzi. Lonke unxibelelwano lwendawo yokuphela lune-bi-directional, kwaye ixhasa i-multicast, ivumela ukuphuculwa kwesoftware emoyeni. Ngokutsho kweLoRa-Alliance, umbutho ongenzi nzuzo owenze iinkcukacha ze-LoRaWAN, oku kunceda ukugcina ubomi bebhetri kunye nokufezekisa uxhumano olude.

Isango elilodwa elinikwe iLoRa okanye isikhululo esisisiseko sinokugubungela izixeko zonke okanye amakhulu eekhilomitha ezikwere. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uluhlu luxhomekeke kwindawo engqongileyo yendawo enikiweyo, kodwa i-LoRa kunye ne-LoRaWAN ibango lokuba nebhajethi yekhonkco, eyona nto iphambili ekumiseleni uluhlu lonxibelelwano, olukhulu kunabo nabuphi na obunye ubuchwephesha bonxibelelwano obusemgangathweni.

Iiklasi zokugqibela

I-LoRaWAN ineeklasi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokugqibela ukujongana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo ezibonakaliswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ngokwewebhusayithi yayo, ezi ziquka:

• Izixhobo zokugqibela ezimacala omabini (Udidi A): Isiphelo-izixhobo zeKlasi A zivumela unxibelelwano lwe-bi-directional apho ukuhanjiswa kwe-uplink nganye yesixhobo sokugqibela kulandelwa ngamakhonkco amabini amafutshane afumana iifestile. I-slot yokudlulisa ihlelwe yi-end-device isekelwe kwiimfuno zayo zonxibelelwano kunye nenguqu encinci esekelwe kwixesha elingenammiselo (ALOHA-uhlobo lweprotocol). Lo msebenzi weKlasi A yeyona ndlela iphantsi yokuphela kwesixhobo sombane kwizicelo ezifuna kuphela unxibelelwano lwe-downlink ukusuka kumncedisi kungekudala emva kokuba isixhobo sokugqibela sithumele ukuhanjiswa kwe-uplink. Unxibelelwano lwe-Downlink olusuka kumncedisi nangaliphi na elinye ixesha kuya kufuneka lilinde kude kube yi-uplink ecwangcisiweyo elandelayo.
• Izixhobo zesiphelo ezimacala amabini aneendawo zokubeka ezicwangcisiweyo (iKlasi B): Ukongeza kwiKlasi ye-A random fumana iifestile, izixhobo zeKlasi B zivula iifestile ezongezelelweyo ngamaxesha acwangcisiweyo. Ukuze isiphelo-isixhobo sivule ifestile yokufumana kwayo ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo sifumana iBeacon yexesha elilungelelanisiweyo ukusuka kwisango. Oku kuvumela umncedisi ukuba azi xa isiphelo-isixhobo simamele.
• Izixhobo zesiphelo ezimacala amabini aneendawo zokubeka ezizezona zininzi (Udidi C): Izixhobo zokugqibela zeKlasi C ziphantse zavula ngokuqhubekayo iifestile, zivaliwe kuphela xa zithunyelwa.